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Not all gynecological issues are about hormones. Sometimes the problem is structural, meaning it has to do with the physical organs. Other times it’s infectious, caused by an overgrowth of bacteria, yeast, or other tiny organisms.
These issues are common, treatable, and nothing to be ashamed of. Let’s explore some of the conditions that don’t start in your hormones but still matter a lot.
And here’s the truth: you are not too young to learn about these issues. Some people start experiencing them in their later teens, even if they don’t get diagnosed until later. If something feels off, you deserve to be heard. The sooner you understand your body, the sooner you can advocate for it.
Endometriosis
A condition where tissue like the uterine lining grows outside the uterus, such as on the ovaries, fallopian tubes, or bladder. It can cause extremely painful periods, chronic pelvic pain, pain during sex, or difficulty getting pregnant later in life. It’s often underdiagnosed, especially in teens. Treatment may include hormonal therapy, pain management, or surgery in some cases.
Tip: Repetitively painful periods that stop you from going to school or work? Not normal. That’s worth a conversation.
Uterine Fibroids
Non-cancerous growths inside the uterus made of muscle and tissue. Symptoms usually include: heavy or long periods, pelvic pressure, or frequent peeing. Most fibroids are harmless, but large ones may cause discomfort or fertility issues. Treatments vary depending on size and symptoms, and not everyone needs surgery.
Ovarian Cysts
Ovarian cysts are fluid-filled sacs that form on or in the ovary. They’re super common, especially during ovulation. Most cause no symptoms and go away on their own. Larger or burst cysts can cause sudden sharp pain, bloating, and nausea. Most of the time, they do not need medical intervention like surgery.
UTIs – Urinary Tract Infections
Although it is not technically gynecological, UTIs can be VERY common. UTIs occur when bacteria get into the urinary tract. Symptoms include burning when you pee, peeing a lot, not feeling like you can hold your pee, even though there isn't much in there, or pelvic pain. You can help prevent UTIs by peeing after sex, drinking lots of water, and wiping front-to-back. They are super easy to treat with antibiotics, so don’t wait in misery!
Yeast Infections
Yeast infections are caused by an overgrowth of a fungus called Candida, which naturally lives in the vagina (yep, fungi live there—it’s normal!). It can happen when the balance of bacteria and yeast gets thrown off due to things like antibiotics, tight clothes, hormonal changes, or even scented products. Symptoms include: Thick, white, clumpy discharge (like cottage cheese), itching or burning around the vulva, and redness or irritation.
Yeast infections are easily treated with antifungal creams or pills and are available over the counter or from a doctor.
Bacterial Vaginosis (BV)
BV happens when the natural balance of bacteria in the vagina shifts, usually when there’s too much of one kind and not enough of another. Symptoms can include: thin, gray, or white discharge, a strong fishy odor (especially after sex), or mild itching or burning. Some people have no symptoms at all. BV is treated with antibiotics.
While BV is not officially classified as an STI, new research shows that it can be passed between sexual partners. That’s why some providers now treat both partners, especially if BV keeps coming back. But here’s the deal: you can get BV even if you’ve never had sex, so it’s not only sexually related.
You know your body best. If something feels new, weird, or painful, say something! It’s never “too early” or “not a big deal” if you’re uncomfortable. Look for:
Periods that stop you from doing everyday things
Pain that makes you cry or miss school or work
Discharge with a bad smell or itching
Sudden sharp pain or bloating
Extreme mood swings or sadness
Gynecological issues are not embarrassing. They are medical. Talking about your body—and asking for help—is a superpower. Whether you’re 13 or 33, you deserve answers and care.
✅ Fact: Irregular periods are very common, especially in the first few years after getting your period. Hormones are still finding their rhythm. But if your periods disappear for several months or are extremely heavy or painful, it’s time to check in with a provider.
✅ Fact: Discharge is your body’s way of cleaning and protecting itself. It’s totally normal for it to change throughout your cycle. If it smells bad, itches, or looks unusual (like green or chunky), that could be a sign of an infection and worth checking out.
✅ Fact: Nope! Yeast infections are caused by an overgrowth of natural fungus already living in your body. Things like antibiotics, tight clothes, or scented products can throw off your balance NOT a lack of hygiene.
✅ Fact: Bacterial vaginosis isn’t officially an STI, though new research suggests it can sometimes be passed between partners. You can also get it without having sex, and it’s not your fault. It’s just a bacteria imbalance.
✅ Fact: Some cramping is common during periods, but if you’re missing school or work, crying from the pain, or doubling over, that’s not normal. It could be a sign of endometriosis or another issue. Don’t just “tough it out” try to talk to a provider.
✅ Fact: Teens can experience PCOS, endometriosis, cysts, BV, UTIs, and more. If you feel pain, discomfort, or notice something unusual, it’s always okay to ask for help, no matter your age.
✅ Fact: Most cysts and fibroids are harmless and go away on their own or with simple treatment. Only a small number cause serious problems, and doctors can help guide your next steps.
✅ Fact: Talking about your health is smart, strong, and normal. Everyone deserves to understand their body and get support when things feel off. There’s no shame in learning or asking questions.
✅ Fact: Peeing helps flush bacteria, but UTIs can also happen from sex, dehydration, certain anatomy, or even tight clothing. They’re common and treatable.
Answer: “Normal” period cramps usually go away with rest, a heating pad, or over-the-counter meds. If you’re missing school/work, waking up from pain, or doubling over every month, that’s a red flag. Conditions like endometriosis cause pain that isn’t fixed with basic relief, and you deserve to get checked.
Answer: Start with what’s bothering you: “My periods are really heavy,” or “I’m having pain that makes me miss school.” You don’t need to know what’s wrong and have the answer, you just need to speak up. You can even write it down ahead of time or bring a friend or parent for backup.
Answer: Probably not! It’s normal to have some discharge every day, it’s how your vagina keeps itself clean. As long as it’s clear, white, or slightly yellow, and doesn’t itch or smell bad, you’re likely good. If it changes suddenly or becomes uncomfortable, check in with a provider.
Answer: Not necessarily. Many young people start with a pediatrician or primary care doctor for gynecological concerns. You don’t need to be sexually active to have questions about your cycle, hormones, pain, or discharge—and providers can help without doing an internal exam.
Answer: Usually not, but they can be painful or cause bleeding or pressure. They often don't need treatment but a provider can check if they need treatment.
Answer: Yes. Endometriosis is more about pain and tissue growth than cycle timing. If you have severe cramps or pain during sex, talk to a specialist.
Answer: Not always. Yeast infections can be treated with antifungal creams, and some BV cases clear on their own—but see a provider to make sure you’re treating the right thing.
Answer: Sometimes the vaginal microbiome (your body's natural bacteria) can get out of line. Things like hormones, diet, hygiene products, or even your partner's bacteria can play a role.
Answer: You’re so not alone. Talking about gynecological issues might feel awkward, but your health matters more than a moment of embarrassment. A good provider will always listen, judgment-free.
Get ready to learn about your health, hormones, and anatomy. We provide you with the education and guidance to get MORE out of your provider appointments.
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